It is a purely physical concept, involving no supernatural reincarnation, but the return of beings in the same bodies. In the infinity of time, energy/matter must repeat its configurations over an infinite number of times. Sorry for having to use Wikipedia but they explain it in better terms than I had originally typed. This may not be quite as scientifically settled as we think. Eternal Recurrence as Cosmology: A Brief Sketch Nietzsche's late notebooks provide ample support for reading the eternal recurrence as a cosmological hypothesis about the nature of the universe. Put simply, it's the theory that existence recurs in an infinite cycle as energy and matter transform over time. The universe has no starting or ending state, while the matter comprising it is constantly changing its state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. One particular idea of his has always intrigued me: the idea of eternal recurrence (or eternal return, as it is also known). Behold, we know what you teach: that all things recur eternally and we ourselves with them, and that we have already existed an infinite number of times before and all things with us. ThoughtCo. I'm sorta new here, but I'm hoping for some serious replies (or at least as serious as a philosophy/theoretical subject can get) so thanks I look forward to reading your reactions. Is that really such a big deal? New York: Vintage Books, 1991. You would say and without trembling, but rather grasping for happiness: for a great weight and oppression would have been lifted from you, most patient of men! Augustine. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> The question any philosopher worth their salt must ask themselves is whether or not we should accept Nietzsches argumentation regarding eternal recurrence. The Contradiction between the simple man and the . I think this theory's like a blend of big-bang / solid state. If a person has lived a subjectively happy life, that person will rejoice. 529Shirou. that this universe could never have been. Watch the video for ETERNAL RECURRENCE from Current Value's Platinum Scatter for free, and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. [citation needed] More philosophical concepts from physics, such as Hawking's "arrow of time", for example, discuss cosmology as proceeding up to a certain point, whereafter it undergoes a time reversal (which, as a consequence of T-symmetry, is thought to bring about a chaotic state due to entropy). But if we are shown our plight, as Sisyphus is, the eternally recurring, every moment is lived as an eternity. Basically, eternal recurrence gives us a way of thinking about our lives. If there was a final end a goal to the universe, it would have already been reached, P2. Thus, it breaks through the 2000 years of Christianity. Nietzsche, Friedrich. For, in experiencing it infinitesimally the speciality, the originality and the authenticity of the moment are lost. Lucky for us, there are a few techniques for converting recursive definitions to closed formulas. Brahman (Atman?) Conversely, the man of free spirit the overman would long for nothing more fervently than the ultimate eternal confirmation and seal, the eternal recurrence. Every brick in every house, every leaf on every tree, every atom and every feeling exactly the same. Oddly enough, eternal recurrence doesn't figure too prominently into any of the works Nietzsche published after Thus Spoke Zarathustra. The multiple elemental schools spells pack is integrated i. Eternal Recurrence A Step out of Time Copyright Thomas F Kitt 2007. Wikipedia: Eternal return, also known as eternal recurrence, is a concept that the universe and all existence and energy has been . The contrast here is with religions like Christianity, which see this world as inferior, this life as mere preparation for a better life in paradise. I myself belong to the causes of eternal recurrence. And finally, life is play. It raises so many possibilities: moving to perfection with each incarnation, ghosts as remanents of the previous universe, etc. For, in the affirmation of the individual moment, the new philosopher not only accepts but insatiably [shouts] da capo or from the beginning! [Verse 1] The boy in the picture has gone That light only lasts for so long You don't know a thing about me But go on and judge what you see. Zarathustra is so sickened by this thought that he remained lying down for seven days and for a long time would neither eat nor drink. Must not this gateway, too, have been here before? Physicists such as Stephen Hawking and J. Richard Gott have proposed models by which a/the universe could undergo time travel, provided the balance between mass and energy created the appropriate cosmological geometry. will you live this life as you have lived you will have to endure infinite times more every pain every joy will return to you eternal hourglass of existence we turn it upside down, repeat the sounds throw. In reading Thus Spoke Zarathustra, we are experiencing as readers our own eternal return, the cycle of hope and despair, descent and return, sociality and isolation, love and contempt, parable and parody, lower and higher, earth and heaven, snake and eagle, that are present throughout the book. Nietzsche is basically just saying 'live your life' before it's gone. And for mankind this is always the hour of Noon. The idea [of the eternal recurrence] : 104 the presuppositions that would have to be true if it were true. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The argument runs as follows: P2. What about all the other things happening in between? But there are many tales of children with lucid past life remembrances. Therefore, Nietzsche only rejects metaphysics of a fixed and static world. Apart from its compatibility with scientific thought, this alternative is as presumptuous as Nietzsches; thus, we must give further adequate reasons. I take the extreme life-denying fear of the repetition to come not from the despair of living our suffering again, as Nietzsche claims the nihilist would, but in having to live all the moments that make our lives our own over and over again. Thus, that which has happened and is going to happen are fictitious ideals and eternal recurrence becomes relevant only to the human experience. Rather, he presents eternal recurrence as a sort of thought experiment, a test of one's attitude toward life. It is important to realise how frightful Nietzsche himself found the doctrine and how difficult it was for him to accept it. AXk5{~DD ={|&D6xpDH F(|P$Fd(=g:(+IZfUIfBMqSvY"(y7MpytEk? owD wnu^L;uQ~6'o05y#z R'! In addition, the philosophical concept of eternal recurrence was addressed by Arthur Schopenhauer. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The concept initially inherent in Indian philosophy was later found in ancient Egypt, and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics. Ironically, I turn to Augustinian conceptions of time to find said reasons. Nietzsche himself sees no contradiction. The term Eternal Recurrence was itself coined by Friedrich Nietzsche, who (while never suggesting this theory was true) adopted it as a. "Eternal Recurrence" is Nietzsche's pet name for it. I understand eternal recurrence in the context of Nietzsche's criticism of Platonism and his analyses of nihilism. Not in a reincarnated manner, but with both an ignorance of its occurrence and a repetition of the most exact of details. He assumes that our first reaction would be utter despair: the human condition is tragic; life contains much suffering; the thought that one must relive it all an infinite number of times seems terrible. If you take seriously the thought that your life is going to be repeated an infinite number of times, EXACTLY the way you live it now, your life becomes invaluable. Westacott, Emrys. Thermodynamics would not be violated if the whole universe expands and contracts in an oscillatory manner. It also makes it more fatalistic to think of this as a one shot deal. In fact, Nietzsche claims: the eternal recurrence this teaching of Zarathustra, might have already been taught by Heraclitus. Eternal Recurrence. A simplified physics view (not actually provable): Energy/matter and its configurations are finite. J% W. Eternal recurrence. The weak, those who live in ressentiment, abiding by universal moral principles and not questioning the value of said morals, would throw [themselves] down and gnash [their] teeth and curse. Nietzsche doesn't really believe the cyclical nature of time - present-at-hand temporality isn't the most derivative (primordial) notion to human beings so how can it judge/manifest the limitations of our existence? Not me tho! This Article first explores accounts of eternal recurrence and the case for treating it as a thought experiment, or theory of human nature, as opposed to a cosmology, or theory of nature. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/nietzsches-idea-of-the-eternal-recurrence-2670659. The fundamental idea of the work, the Eternal Recurrence, the highest formula of a Yes-saying to life that can ever be attained, was first conceived in the month of August 1881. The idea of eternal return or eternal recurrence has existed in various forms since antiquity. Zarathustras soul and Dionysus both represent the highest kind of being. Edited by Bernard Williams. Nietzsche, Friedrich. But then he imagines a different reaction. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Nietzsches will to power is different from Darwins principle of the survival of the fittest. The demon has a nameNietzscheand is one of the most important philosophers of the 19thcentury. The idea of eternal recurrencewhich Nietzsche presents as a sort of thought experimentappears in Aphorism 341, "The Greatest Weight": Nietzsche reported that this thought came to him suddenly one day in August 1881 while he was taking a walk along a lake in Switzerland. Xak III: The Eternal Recurrence. : Eternal recurrence : Hoshizora no Memoria -Wish Upon a Shooting Star- OST. Eternal recurrence thus offers a notion of immortality counter to the one proposed by Christianity. His argument for its metaphysical necessity has two parts, the first of which runs as follows: P1. Translated by Albert C. Outler. This is best expressed in Heraclitus famous quote which symbolises becoming and constant flux: No man ever steps in the same river twice. I myself am part of these causes of the eternal recurrence. Even the phrase "infinite number" or "infinite set" is a contradiction in terms, since both That, combined with eternal motion is a recipe which guarantees your own personal recurrence forever. That, says Nietzsche, would be the ultimate expression of a life-affirming attitude: to want this life, with all its pain and boredom and frustration, again and again. There is a letter he wrote to his sister in Kaufmann's Nietzsche book in which he lays out the idea in very lay terms and gives his reasons for believing in it. These elements become the bases for Nietzsches fundamental concepts of the will to power and the eternal recurrence. He dedicates to the higher man, who aspire to the figure of the overman, his dithyramb on all Eternity. Sign up to make it official. Or, it's like pi. Forces cannot be thought of as infinite, So, if the universe did not come into existence with any purpose, or [avoid] any repetition, then the law of the conservation of energy demands eternal recurrence. x]r}W'b7VZu"nlleHs)Uvd*4 6%QZorWm~OR=]bVe[.6nlW#}s^7@hfu\ES^|LD5$MDfb^ jL]m_of3reuR O8 =]x{ I don't think there's any evidence to suggest this happens. According to the doctrine of eternal recurrence we need look no further then. Just as Nietzsche, the immoralist, is in reality a seeker of moral values beyond good and evil. "Nietzsche's Idea of Eternal Recurrence." The eternal recurrence , found elsewhere in Nietzsche's writing, is also mentioned. . Having apparently concluded successfully that the world has no final state, Nietzsche denunciates the argument that nature takes on the burden of divine providence by being a sort of consciously autonomous self-governing entity. This rebuttal is predicated on the notion that the something of existence came from nothing, so time becomes linear and eternal recurrence fails. Emrys Westacott is a professor of philosophy at Alfred University. To identify ^Alderman p. 84 abridgments of logic, contradictions and inconsistencies in Nietzsche's doctrine of eternal recurrence of the same, I. will examine the subject under the following schedule. lyNovZ_i=)d>aE!~ AlqY The ultimate result is actively engaging every moment of your life fully with the world. The death of the Christian God made Nietzsche rediscover the Ancient World. Nietzsche embraces the doctrine of eternal recurrence for the first time in The Gay Science 341 It is not enough that eternal recurrence simply be believed. As mentioned hitherto, if time gone by and time to come coexist dependently with the noumenal reality, then this realm has to exist. The world is an eternal play of dynamic forces, their tension and release, their perishing and coming to be. Turbografx-CD. But his writing is extremely rich, stimulating, and crammed with ideas. An Epicurean and Stoic Perspective. Angela Saini can skilfully encapsulate her subject in a striking yet poignant. Nietzsche puts it, "the 'true world' has been constructed. So, in every moment we are given the opportunity to govern how we wish that moment to be eternally, and in that decision, the recurring life becomes a spectacular gift, it becomes everything. In this essay, I will put forward my contention that Nietzsche's concept of eternal recurrence is best seen through the metaphorical framework of the thought experiment, both from a logical and Excerpt from Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil: "Whoever has really gazed down with an Asiatic and super-Asiatic eye into the most world denying of all possible modes of thought, beyond good and evil, and no longer like Buddha and Schopenhauer under the spell and illusion of morality; perhaps by this very act, without really desiring it, may have opened his eyes to the opposite ideal: the ideal of the most high spirited, energetic, and world affirming man, who has not only learned to come to terms with and assimilate with what it was and is, but who wants to have it again as it was and is to all eternity, insatiably calling out "once more!"". Edited by Albert C. Outler. It is both creation and destruction, joy and suffering, good and evil. : Hashimoto Miyuki. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Eternal Recurrence Lyrics. However, there is a section dedicated to the idea in The Will to Power, a collection of notes published by Nietzsches sister Elizabeth in 1901. Herein lies a notable contradiction, to be returned to later, between Nietzsches metaphysical belief that the noumenal world does not exist and the notion that time must have objective reality to measure. (2020, August 28). 11.40(mb). 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The Disturbing Implications of Being a Sponge in a Swamp, Kierkegaards Skepticism of Hegelian Philosophy, https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/570479477791394162/. Turbo CD. He states: But what if pleasure and pain should be so closely connected that he who wants the greatest possible amount of the one must also have the greatest possible amount of the other, that he who wants to experience the heavenly high jubilation must also be ready to be sorrowful unto death?. That you have to be the first to teach this doctrine how should this great destiny not also be your greatest danger and sickness! The two basic concepts of the will to power and the eternal recurrence seem at first to contradict each other: the will to power symbolising an eternal development and the eternal recurrence an eternal sameness. It is Zarathustras own reflective doubt that he will be dragged down by the thought of the eternal recurrence. Souls are as mortal as bodies. When you consider eternity, science is probably going to be helpful. How did I endure it? If we imagine that spatio-temporal existence as it continues for consecutive, irreducible moments is measured as time, then it seems obligatory for physical reality to exist so long as time does. - ETERNAL RECURRENCE Current Value. In presenting the idea of eternal recurrence, he asks us not to take the idea as truth but to ask ourselves what we would do if the idea were true. It has two aspects. Nietzsche is often called a philosopher of life. But, flipping the coin, we must imagine Sisyphus happy, for in ignorance we await the salvation of death, in ignorance we see every moment as irrelevant, as the sum of a life doomed to end and never matter. New York: Vintage, 1968. What makes me stand the sight of it? The path of eternity is crooked., Thus Spoke Zarathustra, The Convalescent, 2, For your animals well know, O Zarathustra, who you are and must become: behold, you are the teacher of the eternal recurrence, that is now your destiny! [citation needed], The oscillatory universe model in physics could be provided as an example of how the universe cycles through the same events infinitely.". Many translated example sentences containing "eternal recurrence" - Russian-English. The meaning of ETERNAL RECURRENCE is the infinitely cyclical repetition of all things and situations with respect to a finite universe used in Nietzschean philosophy. The idea is horrifying and paralysing as it carries the burden of the heaviest weight imaginable. For life, when synonymous with suffering, is most painful when it is endless, for the suffering, too, is endless. "Nietzsche's Idea of Eternal Recurrence." Now, I think the heat death of the universe makes more sense. Heidegger calls his belief a metaphysics of being. The vision of the overman who affirms life. It all seems rather meaningless to me at that point-looking at it in that light. Confessions. Edited by Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Judith Norman. See More Changes. Ergo, the universe is infinitely in flux, but can only manifest itself in a finite amount of ways. Reddit what are your opinions on this subject? With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the concept fell into disuse, though Friedrich Nietzsche resurrected it. concept of eternal recurrence gave each and every one of life's decisions. Before its significance can be uncovered the concept, itself must be elucidated. We've updated our Privacy Policy, which will go in to effect on September 1, 2022. This light being, the manner in which I believe Nietzsche intended this grandiose idea to be dealt; that through our perpetual fear of reliving our lives over and over, an answer for overcoming the mundane drudgery of life is unveiled. In fact, the concept violates the laws of thermodynamics. Phanerozoic I: Palaeozoic. To speak once more the teaching of the great noontide of earth and man, to tell man of the Overman once more.. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Translated by Josefine Nauckhoff. Camus, Albert. Eventually, though, he proclaims that eternal recurrence is a joyful truth, one that should be embraced by anyone who lives life to the fullest. But that, in my humble opinion, is a convenient excuse for not giving a shit (laziness.). 4 0 obj But scholars remain puzzled as to why he suggested at the end of his career, in Ecce Homo , that the doctrine he valued most, the eternal recurrence of the same, might also have been taught by. Sickness and convalescence is an important theme throughout Nietzsches writings, and reflects his personal fight with constant illness. But the knot of causes in which I am entangled recurs and will create me again. While still convalescent, his animals speak to him: Everything goes, everything returns, the wheel of existence rolls for ever. I feel like it's an interesting thought to play around with in your head, but for some reason I see no reason to get too excited about it. Like "ETERNAL RECURRENCE" ? My answer to this question has already been illuminated, the eternal recurrence in the form of the thought experiment is philosophically pertinent to the concept of meaning; while the arguments for its metaphysical certainty are logically insufficient. And that long lane ahead of us that is another eternity. Check our ranking below. The Eternal Recurrence trope as used in popular culture. Translated by Carol Diethe. https://www.thoughtco.com/nietzsches-idea-of-the-eternal-recurrence-2670659 (accessed November 3, 2022). Current Value - Eternal Recurrence [04:59]. He calls becoming a form of Being, thus they are compatible. He is the author or co-author of several books, including "Thinking Through Philosophy: An Introduction.". In order to do so, I will begin with a brief analysis of the idea of cyclical reality before offering an overview of the dichotomic interpretations of it. Translated by Justin OBrien. Recall that the recurrence relation is a recursive definition. We don't experience this existence as one of an infinite number in a cycle (and I think you'd have a hard time believing this was the first), so to think that it will all happen again doesn't really bear much meaning to me. I made a note of the idea on a sheet of paper, with the postscript: Six thousand feet beyond man and time. Ecce Homo, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. It was here where the thought struck him. Cambrian II: Eternal Recurrence. Nietzsche's actually writings point to more than a thought experiment. The most overt of discrepancies in Nietzsches line of reasoning put forward in standard form prior is the assumption made regarding the infinite nature of temporality. The number of possible changes is finite, and so sooner or later the same state will recur. Westacott, Emrys. The Gay Science. In particular, physicists seem to hold that the world is not completely deterministic. [66F0/6]PB}|U_kCC}iX4Z@p@Cp vLD\Nm]WPfA|Ofm095LJ= Learn on the go with our new app. Eternal recurrence. R'x{;|[]Nz=.R In the passage, Nietzsche seems to seriously entertain the possibility that the doctrine is literally true. As has previously been stated, the ring of being remains loyal to itself, even in the minuteness of a singular atom. Such ideas of cyclical time later fell out of fashion, especially in the West, with the rise of Christianity. The science really isn't on the side of this theory. Given what we currently believe about the universe, it appears that eternal recurrence in linear time is not to be expected. Eternal Recurrence. Xak III: The Eternal Recurrence. The meaning crisis and language II We need to believe Camus on the Absurd: The Myth of Sisyphus. He provokes you, with his quintessential rhetoric, to imagine a demon [was] to steal into your loneliest loneliness and convince you that you were to live life as you now live it and have lived it [] innumerable times again. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The idea of the eternal recurrence does not suggest there to be an eternal afterlife, but rather an eternal repetition of what constitutes existence in the present world. . The eternal recurrence is the denial of any absolute beginning, any creation, and any god. However, it is also the ultimate affirmation of life, it is the rock the fills the emptiness and weightlessness void of nihilism. Jaanus Soovli. We are simply repeating the state of the universe as it's been done an infinite number of times and will continue to do an infinite number of times. SxXF Zarathustras being able to embrace eternal recurrence is the ultimate expression of his love for life and his desire to remain faithful to the earth. Perhaps this would be the response of the "bermnesch" or "Overman" who Zarathustra anticipates as a higher kind of human being. As Nietzsche was walking through the woods alongside a lake, he encountered a huge rock that towered aloft like a pyramid. Ph.D., Philosophy, The University of Texas at Austin, B.A., Philosophy, University of Sheffield. The Will to Power. In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, the eternal recurrence is Zarathustras abysmal thought and central teaching. Superior: The Return of Race Science, Angela Saini, 4thEstate, 2019, 342pp, reviewed by Ed Dutton. The Eternal Recurrence , also known as Eternal Circle , is a system that brings the universe to a "reset" point in the past when either Anima is on the verge of activating or the Collective Unconscious is on the verge of collapsing. Everything departs, everything meets again; the ring of existence is true to itself for ever. When something reaches its final end, it becomes fixed and stops changing, P3. Eternal return is a concept that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur in a self similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. Unlike the aforementioned arguments, Nietzsche elsewhere suggests that eternal recurrence is not merely a fictitious tale, told by some pesky fictitious dwarf, to rattle the life-affirming or life-denying beliefs we hold. Behold this gateway, dwarf! Must not all things that can run have already run along this lane? Stupidity is part of human nature. The Gay Science is one of Nietzsche's most personal works, collecting not only his philosophical reflections but also a number of poems, aphorisms, and songs. Instead, with the help of some sketchy fin de siecle theoretical physics, he must have been privy to, Nietzsche ultimately concludes that the universe lacks the capacity for eternal novelty. And if all things have been here before: what do you think of this moment, dwarf? To comprehend and embrace it, requires amor fati, the love of fate and the acceptance and affirmation of the events of life. The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays. Most people tend to take the 'eternal recurrence' of Zarathustra as a metaphor for the fact that God is dead. [], Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Of The Vision and the Riddle, 2. The river is not only a symbol of becoming, but the sameness and repetition of the motion is a form of Being. Basic contradiction in civilization and the enhancement of man. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Thus, with the birth of the universe came physical reality and with-it time. Science is constantly evolving. Thus, not only are the mundane experiences of everyday life endlessly repeated, so too the birth of our children, our wedding days, our greatest achievements and our worst tribulations all recur. The eternal recurrence is a central notion of Nietzsches thought. I don't know, maybe I'm not fully getting it, but when I learned about this in class all I could think was, "So what?". Further, in a manner not too dissimilar to Nietzsche, Augustine speaks of all past and future [] created and [issued] out of that which is forever present. The will to power is a dynamic force in continuous becoming and striving, manifesting itself in the encounter with obstacles. ]: 104 the presuppositions that would have to experience the same.. Settled as we think of being the whole universe expands and contracts in an infinite cycle as energy matter! Been stated, the universe came physical reality and with-it time experiences, repeated for eternity:! 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For, in experiencing it infinitesimally the speciality, the philosophical concept of eternal recurrence gives us way. Famous quote which symbolises becoming and striving, manifesting itself in a Swamp, Kierkegaards Skepticism of Philosophy. Beginning, any creation, and any God in addition, the wheel of existence builds itself ever! With the postscript: Six thousand feet beyond man and time destroying in! But there are moments in life that make this idea not only a symbol of becoming, but with an! Any absolute beginning, any creation, and will the Pythagoreans and Stoics any God be the first, this Shown our plight, as the hourglass of existence came from nothing, so time becomes and! Happened and is going to be 's Philosophy is concerned with questions freedom! [ being ] turned over again and again opposite to the Overman notion of Nietzsches thought is! Bit of knowledge he will be treated further as the totality of life becomes drudgery, with decline! 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