In terms of practical implementation, a continuum of land rights can be said to have been fully implemented in a particular context when: In addition, it would be necessary to develop and test innovative implementation tools to fill the land recordation and other gaps that exist in conventional land administrations and to roll these out at the country level. gender-responsive land tools that contribute to land reform, good land governance, inclusive land administration, sustainable land management, and functional land sector coordination. Instead, households work along a trajectory toward secure, formal land rights. At planning level, it impacts negatively on urban management, A WORLD IN WHICH EVERYONE ENJOYS SECURE LAND RIGHTS. For instance, within a society, separate families may own exclusive rights to land parcels for residential or agricultural purposes. Land tenure for all men, women, indigenous peoples is not just a question ofhuman rights, but an issue that impacts biodiversity, food security, and migration. , Land tenure is about the relationship between people andthe land, and how local laws and customs define that relationship. The tenuous nature of our often quoted 70% insecurity of tenure statistic highlights the challenge for the land sector to design and implement global land indicators and monitoring frameworks associated with land governance and land tenure security that are based on feasible data sources and data collection strategies. Secure land rights include not only individual private rights. Reducing costs and improving efficiencies through partnerships and innovation. Identify and develop global norms for secure tenure. This blog was first launched in September 2013 by the World Bank and the Brookings Institution in an effort to hold governments more accountable to poor people and offer solutions to the most prominent development challenges. Jos Luis Vzquez Navarro. It can be used alongside and in support of, among other things, the Continuum of Land Rights, the Social Tenure Domain Model and the Gender Evaluation Criteria. AIOS Integrated Land Solution and AIOS Integrated Land Services are trademarks of AIOS Integrated Land Systems d.o.o. AIOS Integrated Land Systems to end the vicious circle of global land administration, Land Tenure Security: Meaning and Classification. Rapid economic development, combined with high population density, has created high demand for rural land to be used for urban expansion and infrastructure projects. The feeling of tenure insecurity could be caused by the land redistribution policy in Ethiopia where household size has been the main criterion used for land allocation after the land reform in 1975. This means that it is unique to every group or community and its peculiarities, although there may be similarities in all the groups. Supporting legal, policy, and institutional reforms and human capacity development. The private party may be a single person, a married couple, and multiple people as part of a group or a corporate entity such as a commercial body or a not-for-profit organization. A better understanding of the relationships between violence and perceptions of tenure security will help develop targeted policies and interventions that safeguard and strengthen tenure security during and after conflict. This concerns mainly, but not exclusively, informal and/or customary land markets. One of the key GLTN instruments is the Continuum of Land Rights, a powerful alternative concept and approach to simply focusing on the titling of individually held private property. Such land usually includes marine tenure where usually anyone can access the high seas, including rangelands and forests, where the resources may also be freely accessed by all. Partnered directly with U.S. businesses to address land and property risks in their supply chains overseas. Tenure security is important to promote rural resilience and climate change adaptation, build endowments of assets, and provide adequate housing. USAID Land Tenure Infographic October-2016 (pdf - 4 MB). A global comprehensive typology of tenure categories and associated rights; An inventory of legal, regulatory and planning measures aiming to provide temporary or permanent protection against forced evictions; and. The continuum provides for recognition and an increase in security across the spectrum, with the opportunity for movement between numerous tenure forms. As we examined in Part One there is still a lack of hard data about the extent of legally documented property rights globally. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Creating knowledge through scientific research, geospatial analysis, and pilot projects to identify and disseminate emerging trends, evidence, and best practice. Includes different situations concerning land occupation: illegal occupation, tolerated occupation, occupation legitimized by a social group or customary practices but not considered as legal by government or local authorities. This paper investigates the impact of land tenure insecurity on farmers' labor migration decisions in rural China. Land tenure and land tenure security are vital aspects of economic as well as societal structures. A theory of tenure insecurity I shall define tenure insecurity as the risk of being evicted from a parcel of land. In all cultures. Tenure security is important to promote rural resilience and climate change adaptation, build endowments of assets, and provide adequate housing. Learn how you can get involved and lend a hand. This is the main work of GLTN. Successful application of the continuum of land rights, therefore, depends on existing contextual challenges and opportunities, and the application of innovative land tools at scale. Count me in: Surveying for Tenure Security and Urban Land Management. The most appropriate form/s depends on context. These include: witnessed rights to land; locally documented rights to land (security via social legitimacy); familial / marital rights to land; administratively documented rights to land (security via official recognition); occupation rights / permission to occupy; customary land rights; group rights to land; de facto rights of possession; various forms of leasehold; and individual private ownership / freehold. The rights along the continuum may be documented or undocumented, formal as well as informal, for individuals and groups, including pastoralists and residents of slums and other settlements that may be legal or not legal. USAID is leading the way forward in this sector by testing and learning from innovative and cost-effective methods to improve secure land tenure and property rights, analyzing and disseminating resulting evidence, engaging with the private sector, civil society, and other donors, and applying lessons learned. Statutory land tenure relates to land vested in the state to be held in trust for the land-holding community or such land acquired for public purposes through the state's power of eminent domain as allowed by Article 257 of the Constitution of Ghana (1992) (Constitution of the Republic of Ghana 1992; Da Rocha and Lodoh 1999 ). Tenure security is important to promote rural resilience and climate change adaptation , build endowments of assets, and provide adequate housing. The failure of governments to provide land for the low-income sector and the weakness of formal private sector systems have strengthened the attractiveness of customary land delivery systems in peri-urban areas, including on land which is not customary in the first place but belongs to the state. In support of this more open, inclusive land tenure approach, a survey conducted by the Terwilliger Centre for Innovation in Shelter for HfHIs of 83 financial institutions practising housing microfinance found compelling evidence of the continuum of land rights, suggesting that a formal versus informal perspective toward land rights is too simplistic in practice. Partnered to develop low-cost, easy-to-use mobile technology tools that allow local governments to more easily map, document, and manage land rights and administration. This would imply that land rich households should be more tenure insecure. For archived content, visit worldbank.org , promote rural resilience and climate change adaptation, Do countries have immune systems? hardest opera song to sing; marquetry patterns for beginners tennessee aim state shoot tennessee aim state shoot Land tenure rules are established by societies to define how rights to land are allocated and managed. (GIZ, Land in German Development Cooperation: Guiding Principles, Challenges and Prospects for the Future, 2016 p.19 ). LandLinks | USAID's knowledge sharing platform focused on land tenure . It is against this backdrop that five major issues surrounding land tenure, and rights, This block type should be used (For convenience, "land" is used here to include other natural resources such as water and trees.) So, what is land tenure security? Trust, tenure insecurity, and land certification in rural Ethiopia (PDF) Trust, tenure insecurity, and land certification in rural Ethiopia | Gunnar Khlin - Academia.edu Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. We raise awareness of the importance of land tenure, particularlyamong vulnerable populations, such as women and indigenous peoples, and aim toimprove the available knowledge of land tenure through better national reporting. In the short term, simplified record techniques and procedures need to be set up that are compatible with existing land information management systems (LIMS), if any, and can be incrementally improved over time and integrated into LIMS operating at district, city and national levels (technical obstacles, access to or updating of land-related information, and cost incurred). On the other hand, they may be inadequately outlined with ambiguities and loopholes that may be exploited. Meanwhile, security of land tenure is necessary for land to function as an agent of reducing poverty. Insecure tenure is seen to heighten vulnerability against growing demand for land for residential purposes and working space in urban areas while in the rural areas insecure tenure militates . In many countries, women produce 60 to 80 percent of food, yet theylack equal inheritance and land tenure rights, thus undermining the economic, social, and ecosystem benefits mentioned above. Inadequate land records give rise to a series of difficulties: problems identifying right-holders, risk of multiple sales of land plots, use of forged deeds or titles. Tenure security is important to. WordPress Download Manager - Best Download Management Plugin. Imagine working every day on land you could never own; getting up before the sunrises to take part in repetitive, back-breaking work until the sunsets. situations of tenure insecurity contribute to social instability and conflict. Participatory enumeration is an important tool for the achievement of tenure security. It also enables people to branch out their income by using their land as collateral, renting it out or selling it. 2 Tenure refers to the status of individuals or groups in relationship to property. Legal pluralism on land tenure varieties is reflected in future cadastres, avoiding intensive investigations for the guarantee of titles, and accepting imperfections inherent in the recording of transfer documents such as deeds. What is Insecurity of tenure? This generation, having inherited land from the previous generations, has also inherited the challenges associated with land. Land tenurethe formal and informal relationship individuals and groups form with landeffectively determines who uses what land under which conditions. Land Tenure Insecurity, Marginalization and Urban Injustice. In many settlements, a grassroots land management body can mediate and arbitrate land disputes and make requests for services and development to public authorities. The Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) is an alliance of international partners contributing to poverty alleviation through increased access to land and tenure security for all. Relationships regarding land tenure may be properly defined and binding in a court of law or via customary practices in a community. The problem of insecurity of tenure has a formal, legal basis. The cost of creating and maintaining land records, both in human and financial terms, has meant that less than 30 per cent of the developing world is covered by land records held in a registry. SDG Indicator 1.4.2 proposes two types of measurement for tenure security: the proportion of adults with legally documented property rights, the proportion of adults who perceive their rights to land to be secure. In all cultures land holds fundamental traditional, religious and social value. Therefore, mediation and negotiations while surveys are ongoing is important to ensure sustainability and justice. Land tenure security implies the certainty that a person's land rights will be acknowledged and secured in cases of certain difficulties. This is arguably how we think about tenure insecurity, but this straightforward definition is not so easy to operationalize. Crucial for our identification is that the heterogeneity of patrilineal clans within a village is associated with the cost of reallocating land. Land tenure is the relationship, whether legally or customarily defined, between people (individuals or groups) and land. Land tenure insecurity is referred to as the perception by people that their rights to land will not be recognised by others and protected in the event of specific challenges (Durand-Lasserve and Selod, 2007 ). This paper was written for the course Spatiality & Justice in Urban Governance. Tenure can be freehold, leasehold, conditional, collective, and communal. Rigorously tested different approaches through high-quality impact evaluations to determine the most effective methods and improve program design and learning. PDF | Insecure land tenure plagues many developing and tropical regions, often where conservation concerns are highest. In recent years, an increasing number of key land actors have embraced the continuum of land rights approach to promote tenure security. Continuing this goal, Future Development was re-launched in January 2015 at brookings.edu. For example, some pasture lands in the community may be used by all the members of a community to graze cattle. It is intended to establish information on the population size, ownership patterns and the state of infrastructure. Alternatively, they may be relatively poorly defined, ambiguous and open to exploitation. Uncategorized Land scarcity. Compared with formal land delivery processes, Customary Land Tenure systems can deliver at scale, are cheap, and provide fast access to bigger plots. An inventory of public policies and practices on informal settlements and customary tenures. This alarming figure represents a fundamental barrier for the poor to overcome many of their most pressing challenges: poverty, hunger, conflict, violence, poor governance, and lack of economic opportunity. Building local capacities and skills to plan, lead, and manage their own development. The Future Development blog informs and stimulates debate on key development issues. Private: This involves the appointment of rights to separate individuals as private parties. This situation increases insecurity of tenure and generates land disputes, and, without formal records of deeds or titles, landowners cannot access mortgage loans. Enumerations provide the means by which not only data is gathered to allow for local planning, but also the process by which consensus is built and the inclusion of all residents negotiated. Credible. However, recognizing the decision-making power of customary systems and authorities may have serious implications for womens land rights and those of the poor, as land allocation and dispute settlement tend to be dominated by elites, usually men. Perceived risk of land loss (collective . The lack of reliable records of land rights and transactions at local or central levels is one of the main problems hindering the development of land markets. Ideally, land ownership acquired by way of gift, inheritance, marriage, grant or sale. The Global Land Tool Network - Facilitated by. Land tenure insecurity and inequality. Tenure types that best suit both the social, cultural and economic needs of local communities and the needs of responsible land administration authorities at a particular time are advocated. Those who hold the rights to these land parcels may or may not give consent to other members of the community for use of the resources on these areas. Make a general inquiry or suggest an improvement. It is multifaceted; several factors are involved in its existence, including sociological, technical, financial, institutional, judicial, and political, that are often overlooked, but must be taken into consideration. During 2016, GLTN consolidated its theoretical, analytical and practical work on the continuum concept and approach to land tenure. findings reveal that the main causes of land tenure insecurity experienced in southern africa include lack of land rights of minority groups, unclear or overlapping land rights, overcrowding, land alienation into leasehold, insecurity of farm workers and farm labour tenants, inappropriate and exploitative administrative practices, land In view of the problems, the paper discusses the prevalence of the terms, rules and regulations of the land acquisitions process and its repercussions and concludes from the . The challenges and pressures on customary tenure systems are many: insecurity, conflicts, land market inconsistencies and inefficiencies, gender discrimination in customary systems, and the reluctance of some governments to formally recognize customary land tenure. An accurate enumeration of conditions for tenure security is a prerequisite to: Even when titles or deeds have been issued and formally registered, land transactions or transfers may not be systematically recorded, or are recorded in registers that are not properly kept or updated. This land is under a deed system and is considered private propertyor freehold. This alarming figure represents a fundamental barrier for the poor to overcome many of their most pressing challenges: poverty, hunger, conflict, violence, poor governance, and lack of economic opportunity. During his five year tenure as the president of the Bank until 2019, the Bank's profit doubled to over half a billion birr, while its paid-up capital skyrocketed from a little less than one billion birr to 2.5 billion birr. Land tenure rules are established by societies to define how rights to land are allocated and managed. We show that the probability of a village-wide reallocation is a function of . 2021. As such, although formal land documents can be held as a type of collateral for a housing microfinance loan, many other forms of guarantee are accepted by responding institutions. Land policy reforms and interventions that strengthen land tenure security for both men and women are likely to contribute positively to . Land management is also limited by a lack of records as it is difficult to set up economic and social services, such as roads, electricity, clinics, etc., without land records that also indicate state land. Additional research on how additional factors, such as the length of conflict, causes (e.g., expropriation vs. family disputes) and spillover effects into non-conflict areas, impact tenure security would help further fill knowledge gaps. For instance, some countries have forest lands that fall under the state mandate, at a central or decentralised government level. Furthermore, the survey results revealed that institutions will accept many types of land documents, ranging in formality, in lieu of a title (Habitat for Humanity, The 2015-16 State of Housing Microfinance: A Review of the Housing Microfinance Practice Around the Globe, p.9). In particular, our theoretic framework model introduces tenure insecurity in a dynamic context. But land tenure security is not static. Broegaard, R.J. (2005). Those with insecure tenure stand at risk of having their rights to land challenged by competing claims. Featuring Lebanon: New resources and updated country page! Violence, forced displacement, land grabbing, destruction of land records, death of land, and weakened governance associated with conflict affect tenure security and peoples access to land. 3.1 Land tenure is the relationship, whether legally or customarily defined, among people, as individuals or groups, with respect to land. How an enumeration is done and who does it, is as important as the information it collects. This refers to the rights in which individuals or groups have in the society which enable them use and exclude others from making use of the land that belongs to them. USAID works in over 23 countries to improve property rights and land and resource governance. Land tenure insecurity is widespread in southern Africa and manifests itself in a number of ways that accentuate vulnerability to climate change impacts. The land sector has not been good at monitoring progress of the global initiatives in fighting insecurity of land governance and tenure, but now there is no hiding. This means that a wide range of access and usage rights exists between the two poles of formal and informal land rights and systems. Last year, he was appointed as the president of Goh Bank, the first self-proclaimed mortgage bank in Ethiopia. . They may even lose those rights, resulting in eviction. Led an effort, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Geological Survey, and the European Union, to combat the flow of conflict diamonds and illegal diamond trade by supporting policy reforms, improvements to legal supply chains, and programs that strengthen property rights and licit economic opportunity in mining communities. UNCCD recognizes the importance of promoting equal land tenure rights and accessto land for all. For this reason, land rights impact profoundly on the lives of families and their status within their community or group. , of food is produced by women who do not have equal land tenure rights, The UNCCD-SPI technical report Creating an enabling environment for Land Degradation Neutrality and its potential contribution to enhancing well-being, livelihoods and the environment provides science-based evidence on the potential contribution of LDN to enhancing, This working paper explores how land tenure systems in different ecosystems and bio-cultural regions around the world are linked to land degradation or sustainable land management. Providing technical assistance to address complex challenges that threaten stability or security, such as compulsory or forced displacement, restitution, and resettlement. Evaluate various levels of insecurity and corresponding risks of eviction; Provide the normative foundation for promoting secure tenure and guidelines for statutory recognition of secure tenure; and. So what is security of tenure? Today, many indigenous communities live in a situation of land tenure insecurity (FAO 2009).Without secure land rights they are exposed to involuntary land loss and can simultaneously become victims to the deterioration of their natural habitat through large-scale resource extraction or development projects (Agyepong 2013; DFID 2009).Customary land rights and community conservation areas could . Affordable. A key challenge is how to make sure that the information produced by an enumeration exercise is also used to strengthen security of tenure through state recognition, and for use in physical planning. Land tenurethe formal and informal relationship individuals and groups form with landeffectively determines who uses what land under which conditions. Tenure insecurity with agricultural land under the HRS is exacerbated by the risk of land expropriation for urban expansion and infrastructure development (TAO AND XU,2007). It is basically a set of rules created by societies to define and regulate the allocation of land and the activities performed on it. Among other critical issues, strengthening land tenure and property rights systems is essential for: Strengthening land tenure and property rights is also important for: Across 23 countries, USAID partners with governments, businesses, and communities to support efforts to make property rights and land governance systems--both formal and informal--more effective, transparent, stable, and fair. This offers land actors and governments an innovative approach for the realization of tenure security through recognizing, recording and administering a variety of appropriate and legitimate land tenure forms. But land tenure security is not static. Furthermore, the decrease of customary land reserves combined with the accelerated commodification of customary lands is leading to increased competition for access to land. In 2016, an estimated 70 percent of land in developing countries was unregistered or perceived to be insecure. 5 lessons from fragile states to help fight the coronavirus, perceptions of security of land and housing rights in 140 countries, medium- to high-intensity conflict or institutional/social fragility, COP27: An opportunity to get serious about climate migration, Food systems transformation and local governance. What is Insecurity of Tenure. State: The rights to land are appointed to a public sector authority. Recognizing and addressing the triggers of perceived insecurity could also help governments build trust in post-conflict settings, a critical element in promoting peace and stability, given the social and economic significance of land and housing in conflict and fragile settings. Volume 95, Issue 2 June 2016 , When tenure leads to increases in investment, higher agricultural productivity, andimproved food security, it disincentivizes economic migration, benefitting society. The main challenge from land tenure insecurity is to drive a diversity of actions towards the common purpose of simplifying, modernising, and making land tenure management more accessible, transparent, and accountable, especially to the urban poor, as well as more efficient and effective. Alternatively, the local power structure may be strong enough to . This is a topic that requires further discussion, which we will do in another blog. It is a form of holding land that follows the customary norms and practices of a particular community or group. Fear of land loss and subsistence is a potentially strong cause for political mobilization. Communal\Common: A community may have land with a right of commons that is available for use by every member of the community. Crucially, it would require a political environment that recognizes the need for tenure security to everyone, including those who are poor and marginalized. Open access is slightly different from communal access because the latter excludes non-members of the community from accessing the common areas. These land users were questioned concerning each parcel of land which they possessed, yielding a sample of 1,040 parcels of land, including 820 agricultural parcels and 225 house parcels. Comparing this with data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Programs georeferenced records of violent events sheds light on the relationship between conflict and tenure security. We find that risk of land conflicts related to migrants and conflict related to former residents of the village returning to claim land are particularly costly, with high levels of perceived concern over both types of conflict associated with . Insecure land tenure and property rights is also a serious barrier to achieving U.S. national and business interests abroad. Equitabl, Designing a Land Records System for the Poor, Ejido land tenure and registration system: Mexico case study Synthesis report, Property Theory, Metaphors and The Continuum of Land Rights, Certificates of Customary Ownership: Experiences from the District Livelihood Support Programme in Uganda, Undertaking a Gender Criteria Evaluation of Land Reforms/Customary Land Secretariats in Ghana, WordPress Download Manager - Best Download Management Plugin, The full spectrum of formal, informal and customary rights is catered for within the land information management system; and.